![]() ![]() ![]() This ancient civilization flourished in the third millennium BCE (Harari, 2015), and its people were known as the earliest agriculturists in South Asia (Harris, 1996). Its origins go back to about 5000 BCE (Subramanian and Khan, 2016). A recent discovery of a large Indus Valley site was made in Rakhighari, about 160 km from New Delhi. The origins of the Indus Valley Civilization-also known as the Harrapan Civilization-can be traced to 7,380–6,201 BCE in northwestern India (Khandekar, 2012). On this basis, the total population of all Jats in the Indian subcontinent is estimated to be around 123 million people, roughly equal to the combined population of France, Spain, and Portugal. Assuming the ratio among religions has stayed about the same (i.e., 33% for Islam and 67% combined for Hinduism and Sikhism), the population of Muslim Jats in 2012 can be extrapolated to about 40.6 million (82.5 million/67 × 33). The last time the population was surveyed according to caste–in the 1931 Census of India–the Jats belonged to three main religions: Hinduism 47%, Islam 33%, and Sikhism 20% (Burdak, 2016). In 2012, the Jat population in India-mostly Hindus and Sikhs-was reported to be 82.5 million people (Chatterji, 2012). Since the partition of India in 1947, Hindu and Sikh Jats have lived primarily in India, and the Muslim Jats have lived primarily in Pakistan. The Jats represent one of the largest ethnic groups that has evolved in the northwest region of the Indian subcontinent-India and Pakistan-over several thousand years. A startling new assessment of the genetic ancient origins of these people was revealed with DNA science. It also became evident that the Jats did not have a unique set of genes, but shared an underlying genetic unity with several other ethnic communities in the Indian subcontinent. ![]() The results showed that the sample population had several different lines of ancestry and emerged from at least nine different geographical regions of the world. A sample of 302 Y-chromosome haplotypes of Jats in India and Pakistan was analyzed. This study demonstrated that the origins of Jats can be clarified by identifying their Y-chromosome haplogroups and tracing their genetic markers on the Y-DNA haplogroup tree. Essentially, the specific origin of these people has remained a matter of contention for a long time. Many historians and academics have asserted that the Jats are descendants of Aryans, Scythians, or other ancient people that arrived and lived in northern India at one time. It is estimated the community has a population of over 123 million people. The Jats represent a large ethnic community that has inhabited the northwest region of India and Pakistan for several thousand years. ![]()
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